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There is poor understanding of cancer prevention among people with intellectual disabilities. CUPID will establish a research agenda and knowledge base to improve this in the European Union and beyond. Among the European intellectual disabilities population, many cancer diagnoses are symptomatic presentations following on from behavioural distress or physical changes. Cancer deaths among this population occur up to 20 years earlier than the general population. Factors influencing unequal health status and premature death amongst people with intellectual disabilities warrant further investigation. Article 25 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of People with Disabilities acknowledges their right to healthcare.